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Hairy-leaf Crassula
Crassula perfoliata var. heterotricha
SA tree number
English: Hairy-leaf Crassula, Fuzzy Propeller Plant
Afrikaans: Harige Sekelblaarplakkie
Crassula perfoliata var. heterotricha is a distinctive indigenous evergreen succulent perennial, recognised by its elongated, grey-green, hairy leaves and its clusters of white flowers. It is one of the most widespread varieties of Crassula perfoliata, extending beyond South Africa, and its hairy foliage distinguishes it from other forms.
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Distinguishing features:
Leaves are long, pointed, grey-green, and densely covered with hairs (heterotricha means "differently hairy" or "unevenly hairy", referring to its pubescence).
Leaves are clustered near the stem tips.
Forms an erect, branching shrublet.
Flowers are white, tubular, and borne in terminal clusters.
Winter-flowering, which differs from var. minor and var. coccinea.
Overall appearance:
The Hairy-leaf Crassula (Crassula perfoliata var. heterotricha) is a unique succulent shrublet with a more upright growth habit. Its most notable characteristic is its long, pointed, grey-green leaves, which are covered in fine hairs, giving the plant a soft, fuzzy texture. It produces charming clusters of white, star-shaped flowers, particularly in winter, adding a delicate touch to its hardy appearance.
Height:
Typically grows up to 40 centimetres tall.
Width:
Forms an upright, branching shrublet, usually 20 to 40 centimetres wide.
Leaves:
The leaves are opposite, fleshy, elongated, and pointed, typically grey-green and densely covered with hairs. They are often clustered near the stem tips, with older leaves being more widely spaced along the stems.
Flowers:
The flowers are tubular, about 7 mm long, and white. They have five petals that curve backwards at their tips. The calyces are hairy, and the styles are often bright red, providing a subtle contrast. Flowers are borne in terminal clusters. Crassula perfoliata var. heterotricha flowers are hermaphroditic.
Flowering season:
Flowers in winter (around June to August in South Africa), providing interest during the colder months.
Fruits:
Small, dry capsules containing tiny seeds.
Seeds:
Very small, dispersed by wind.
Stems:
Stems are initially fleshy, becoming greyish-brown and somewhat woody with age. They branch to form an upright shrublet.
Thorns:
None.
Roots:
Fibrous root system.
Soil type:
Requires very well-drained, gritty, or sandy soil. Intolerant of waterlogging.
Aspect:
Thrives in full sun. It is highly drought-tolerant and well-adapted to hot and dry conditions. It is moderately frost-tolerant; established plants can handle light frosts but needs protection from severe frost. It is often found on exposed rocky localities.
Ediblity:
Not considered edible for humans.
Toxicity:
Like other Crassula species, Crassula perfoliata var. heterotricha contains cardiac glycosides and is considered toxic if ingested. It can cause digestive upset and other symptoms in humans and animals. It's advisable to keep it out of reach of children and pets.
Uses:
A valuable ornamental succulent for rock gardens, arid gardens, and containers, especially in regions with mild winters where its winter flowering can be appreciated.
Its unique hairy foliage adds textural interest.
Suitable for green roof applications in appropriate climates, as it tolerates shallow, low-nutrient soils.
Ecology:
The white flowers are likely pollinated by small insects. Its hairy leaves may help in reducing water loss in its dry, exposed habitats. Its ability to grow on rocky ledges and cliffs in river valleys demonstrates its adaptation to harsh environments.
Distribution and habitat:
Crassula perfoliata var. heterotricha has a very wide distribution, ranging from tropical Africa down into South Africa. In South Africa, it is found from the eastern Eastern Cape, along the KwaZulu-Natal coast northwards into the Mpumalanga and Limpopo Lowveld. It is also found in Eswatini (Swaziland) and further into tropical East Africa. It typically grows on rocky grassland slopes, granite ledges, and along cliffs by river banks, often in exposed hot localities with little soil and competition.
Derivation of name:
The genus name Crassula comes from the Latin 'crassus' (thick).
The species epithet perfoliata (appearing "perforated" by the stem).
The varietal name heterotricha is derived from Greek words meaning "different hairs" or "unevenly hairy," referring to the varied type of hairs covering its leaves.
Historical aspects:
This widespread variety highlights the diversity within the Crassula perfoliata complex. Its robust nature and adaptation to a wide range of dry, rocky habitats have made it a resilient component of the African succulent flora.
Interesting facts:
Its leaves are covered in fine hairs, giving it a soft, fuzzy feel, which is unusual for a succulent and gives it a unique texture.
Unlike its relatives that flower in summer, this variety puts on a display of white flowers in the winter, adding beauty during the colder months.
It's incredibly widespread, found from tropical Africa all the way down to South Africa, showing how adaptable it is!
Growing tips:
Propagation: Very easily propagated from stem cuttings. Allow cuttings to callus for a few days before planting.
Light: Requires full sun for best growth and flowering.
Watering: Water thoroughly when the soil is completely dry. Reduce watering in winter when it is flowering.
Soil: Needs extremely well-drained, gritty or sandy soil.
Container: Excellent for pots, rockeries, and arid garden beds.
Maintenance: Low maintenance. Protect from severe frost.
This plant is a fantastic alternative for:
Common name
Scientific Name
Plant type:
Evergreen, succulent or perennial
Plant family:
Crassulaceae (little thick (the leaves)) - Order: Saxifragales